Without proper drainage, roots suffocate and rot. Drill holes, elevate containers on feet, and layer coarse material sparingly—fabric filters work better than thick gravel. Consider liners for metal to prevent overheating. Direct overflow safely off patios. In rainy climates, add a side weep hole. This quiet preparation supports healthier plants, cleaner paving, and fewer midseason emergencies when storms surprise.
Blend structure and nutrition: two parts quality compost, two parts coarse mineral material for drainage, and one part fibrous component like coco coir. Refresh annually, top-dress often, and resist compressing media. Slow-release organic feeds reduce peaks and crashes. Mycorrhizae help roots explore. Observe plant responses across seasons, adjusting particle size and fertility to match species, exposure, and container thermal mass.
Large reclaimed vessels create focal points that pull the eye and anchor furniture groupings. Set one dominant container, then echo its material in smaller companions to build rhythm. Add height with bamboo stakes or salvaged rebar obelisks. Choose plants with contrasting leaf size and sheen to spotlight patina. Rotate seasonal performers forward, keeping the composition fresh yet familiar throughout the year.